The Whole Shebang about the “Millennium” Celebration

The Whole Shebang about the “Millennium” Celebration

This is a topic that I put at the back of mind for sometime now, just waiting for some free time to jot down what took place in our beloved city of Harar last July. I had expected in vain for the “organizers” of the event to give us an assessment of the whole celebration including the pros and cons, the reaction and feedback on what took place that fateful month. The way I look at it now, it is either I have to wait a bit longer or maybe wait forever or do my own assessment and get a feedback from Hararis who made the effort to make the trip and spend time in Harar. From the outset, it needs to be mentioned that all the sources for my article are Hararis who made the journey and relatives and friends who live in Harar and nearby towns since I was not able to make the trip for personal reasons.

To make it an easy read, I have divided the contents into five parts starting from the very idea of the name “millennium” and snippets of things that happened in-between as well as the forces that were trying to bring it under control. Here is my view on how the name millennium was adopted and became the catch phrase although the organizers may probably take issue with that.

I. “Harari Millennium” and the motivation for organizing the event. There is a total agreement on the part of the few Harari historians such as Br. Ahmed Zakaria and Br. Abdulmuheimin Abdulnasser that the establishment of Harar is more than a thousand years old, but no one knew the exact or near dates for sure. Thanks for the speed of the technology of our time, I learned from the interviews of these respected historians that it would not make much of a difference if the age of the city was adjusted and rounded up just to take advantage of the gathering of the Harari people in their homeland and reacquaint themselves with their culture and heritage. Later on, upon the persistent effort of Mr. Ferhan Idris (aka Birak ul Harar) , the organizers made some concession and admitted that the city is a bit older than a millennium and that they would advertise it as such, but that did not materialize. The “Harari Millennium” or the “Millennium” for short quickly became a catch phrase and a part of our everyday vocabulary. Maybe the organizers did not think much about it at the time and they did not see any harm being done to our history, but the fact of the matter is Harar is stuck with the millennium phrase or quickly built the fame of a thousand-year-old town. Time will tell if this gross historical error will be corrected in time and the true history of the town is restored.

But I believe there was another motivation that was lurking under the shadow of this simple argument to give the town a round figure for her age. There was a concerted effort on the part of the Federal Government and the Harari “leaders’ to bring together the Harari Million in conjunction with that of its Ethiopian counterpart. If I probably look at this whole episode from a different prism as an impartial observer from the outside as a lay person, I will certainly see the merits and the gains both these political groups might get from this symbiosis. Both of the events will be promoted globally and the goodwill and positive reaction from the rest of the world is a currency that is much needed by a government that is engaged in a life-and –death struggle with a strong opposition for survival. But at the back of every concerned Hararis’ mind, the feeling of regret was ingrained because of the error that was made to our history. And later on, everyone realized that the trade-off was for nothing. Because of the total disorganization of the event, the perceived advantage that was anticipated as a result of marketing the hype disappeared into thin air. One could safely say “ … for the want of a horseshoe a horse was lost” regarding this whole incident.

Was there coercion on the part of the Federal Government on the Harari “leaders” to go along with this plan? Did the Harari “leaders” consented easily to the idea in order to appease the central government and be on its good side? Maybe it could be that the Harari “leaders” themselves brought the idea to the Feds thinking that the windfall is too much to pass. The only people who can shed light on what was done to blemish and put a scar on the history of Harar and its people can only be explained by those who made the decision. But all of us Hararis will bear the brunt of this shame that we brought on us.

Sometime ago, I joined a discussion on the Harari Paltalk forum about the type of contribution the Hararis could make towards the Ethiopian Millennium. An idea was advanced by someone who presented himself as a man of religion that we should make our presence felt and participate in the festivities to show our friendship with our Ethiopian counterparts. Someone argued that the Millennium is a holiday for Christians and our role should be limited only to a courteous well-wishing in a manner that is usually done for other Christian holidays and the arguments went back and forth. Well, for what it’s worth, I hope you should at least guess what my position would be on the matter because, by now, it is easy to see the trend of my thought.

I would refer the reader to the following site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar#Difference_between_Gregorian_and_Julian_calendar_dates

to brush up their knowledge of the history of the European calendar and by extension that of the Ethiopian calendar but for the purpose of this article, I will quote the following relevant entries from the same site.

“The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world. A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 via the papal bull Inter gravissimas issued from his seat (Villa Mondragone). Years in the calendar are numbered from the traditional birth year of Jesus, which has been labeled the "anno Domini" (AD) era,^[1] and is sometimes labeled the "common era" or the "Christian Era" (CE).”

“The Ancient Romans had begun their years on 1 January. During the Middle Ages under the influence of the Christian Church, many countries moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals — 25 December (the Nativity of Jesus), 1 March, 25 March (the Annunciation), or even Easter.^[6] Eastern European countries (most of them with populations showing allegiance to the Orthodox Church) began their numbered year on 1 September from about 988.”

Since the above quotation makes the origination of the European calendar very clear, there is nothing for me to add. Thus, it naturally follows that we Muslims do not celebrate Christmas (birthday of Christ according to Christians) or for that matter the New Year for the reasons already mentioned. Therefore, what are our excuses and reasons to participate and play a role in the Ethiopian Millennium as it was rightly argued by one of the Harari Paltalk participant? None, whatsoever. Everyone who lived in Ethiopia is well aware that Christians celebrate their holidays following the teachings of their religion as do their Muslim counterparts. Followers of both religions celebrate their own holidays without one being a part of the others’ festivities. Although both groups exchange well-wishing and greetings as fellow human-beings and show a feeling of good neighborliness on their respective holidays, that is the extent of it. Turn it and toss it any which way you want, it can not get any clearer than this.

But again, for reasons only our Harari “leaders” are aware, the Harari Millennium and the Ethiopian Millennium were marketed in tandem as two sides of the same coin. And as a result, some Christians came to celebrate the Harari Millennium, which, mind you, is not a religious event and some Hararis participated and sang in celebration of the Ethiopian Millennium, which I remind you once again, is, indeed a religious celebration. And as long as my memory serves me right, I was under the impression that Hararis are almost one hundred percent Muslims except for a handful that escaped in search of something better. Was there something that I missed since I left Ethiopia? Have some of us adopted Christianity as our religion?

In my view, the concept of the “Harari Millennium” was created by the forces that be and in control of what is happening in Harar to make name for themselves and enrich their pockets with the windfall that they thought might come from it. Many Hararis might think that the date truly reflects the history of Harar and its people but that view is not supported by rigorous historical research. The history of Harar and its people need a thorough research to bequeath to our children what is true and real and discard the chaff that was created to get instant gratification at the cost of distorting our heritage.

II. The Organization of the “Harari Millennium” and its proceedings.

Again, my writing merely reflects the views of those Hararis who were present at the event. Of course, everyone knows by now how the event was conducted and judging by the reactions of diaspora Hararis, assigning a grade of “F” for the overall proceedings of this event is giving credit where credit is not due because the whole shebang is a total failure. So many things went wrong at the same time that it’s unthinkable that this was an event that took months to prepare and organize. A mere association of the word organization and preparation with the event is a misnomer. Let me just jot down what I heard went down in Harar last July and I will leave it to those who were at the event if they can recognize it.

1. The beggars of Harar were rounded up and dumped somewhere along the roads leading to Jigiga because the “organizers” thought they were sore eyes to dignitaries and diaspora Hararis. They wanted to show a very sanitized and clean Harar to the tourists.
2. Scheduled events were frequently changed or cancelled on the whims of individuals who might or might not be members of the organizers.
3. All retail service outlets were not prepared for the onslaught of visitors who came for the event believing in the hype of the organizers. Frequent complaints of visitors were restaurants ran out of food right at lunch hour. If somehow one is lucky enough to fill his tummy, it seemed like owners of restaurants were in force to overcharge their guests every chance they got.
4. Even in normal times, water is a scarce commodity in Harar. The crowd that descended upon Harar exasperated the situation and no one seemed to pre-plan for the eventuality.
5. The problem at the opening ceremony requires a chapter of its own to give a lesson on how to “disorganize” an event. Here is a list of what was deliberately done by the organizers.

1. The “Harari Millennium” was an event that was supposed to showcase our history, heritage, language and way of life. One can only find a handful of Hararis among a thousand or so school age children who filled the stadium to show our achievement to the whole world. Mind you, this is a show that was broadcast live on national TV.

2. In all honesty, I did not mind seeing some of the most neglected and forgotten ethnic groups to be included in the festivities, but was this a show for the ethnic groups in the country or as the name implies something about Hararis? A better organized show about all ethnic groups might belong in Addis since this was supposed to be an event to showcase our achievement.

3. A frequent complaint heard by the local Harari population was that they were not invited to most of the events at all since most everything was done for the pleasure of diaspora Hararis. Most of the better seats were assigned to diaspora Hararis to curry their favor totally neglecting the local people. But was not the whole thing marketed as an event for all Hararis?
4. Again, it might seem an obvious fact for most of us that this is a Harari event, but it seems this was totally lost on our president because wherever he went, he was giving speeches in other than his native language but in Amharic. As a matter of fact, Amharic is no more the official language of the nation, it is just a working language, but you could not tell that from the way the president was conducting himself. Would it have killed him to make at least half his presentation in his native tongue to show the world what we mean when we say that we have a rich culture? Isn’t our language part of this rich culture?
5. Everyone with a car was given a preferential treatment and the local security forces made it easier and favored them with a different set of rules more than others without a wheel. Most of the local officials have four-wheel drive vehicles at their disposal and this was a show-off time for most to tell the crowd where the real power resided.
6. The moment the ceremony was over at the stadium, the whole town took a decided turn for the normal, which is being dead for the rest of the afternoon. Why? You guessed it, it was time for Chat. All the soccer games that was planned for the event was played in an empty stadium because Chat took priority before everything else. And most of the diaspora adult male Hararis joined the local culture of wasting time chewing the leaf and came home to tell the tale.
7. It might seem for some that the opening ceremony was a respectable show, but given the resources allocated for the event and the hoopla surrounding the event, it looked like it was a hodge-podge event without and preparation that just happened in a spur of the moment.
8. Since our “leaders” made it their motto to welcome anyone into Harar, our prime minister also repeated it loud and clear for everyone that Harar is a town for everyone. This is all very well and good under normal circumstances, but we do not live under one. Hararis are under the verge of loosing their land and being wiped out in their own hometown and bringing in more people to settle as a replacement is not the right course of action on anyone’s part to preserve our identity. I did not hear the prime minister make the same kind of speech in Mekele or Aksum inviting other Ethiopians to settle there. Doesn’t Harar have more than its share of non-indigenous people for our leaders to tell everyone to come and do their wish?

6. All efforts by the diaspora Hararis to gather and express their views was thwarted

by a concerted effort of the “leadership”. A repeated attempt was made by some diaspora Hararis to meet and organize, but this was to no avail. The leadership made a half-hearted symbolic attempt to conduct a town-hall meeting whereby only selected pro-league Hararis were invited, but even though the whole thing was stage managed, it ended up being a total fiasco. The “leaders” were not willing to make public the results of this meeting because it was not what they expected from the few individuals who heard and made it to the meeting.

7. There was a lot of fanfare surrounding the distribution of land to Hararis to build dwellings and this was carried out in the tradition that the “leaders” are used to. The largest plots were allocated to those with some connection to the leaders and most of the diaspora Hararis who applied for one returned empty handed. The “leaders” made sure not to disseminate the information about the distribution of land beforehand and as a result the diaspora Hararis came unprepared to pay some of the initial money required to secure the property. Let me add a piece of information regarding this issue of land distribution. Initially, the regional government allocated a sum of $5 million birr to purchase the land from Oromo farmers that it is now distributing, but during the land reform program of the previous government, most of the land in question was confiscated from Hararis and was given to the Oromo farmers who were working on the plot as partners with their Harari counterparts. But the Harari “leaders” gave the bulk of the money to the Oromo farmers while given a token fraction of what remained to the Harari owners of the property. Well, some Hararis did not take this miscarriage of justice lightly and opted to sue the government. I will leave it to the reader to make their own judgment as to the merit and fairness of this so-called land distribution to some favored Hararis that was confiscated from other Hararis who rightfully owned the property and denying them the justice to be fairly compensated.

In summary, it seems like the only thing that was occupying the minds of our “leaders” was how to bring as many people as possible to Harar and leave them wondering to themselves. And the diaspora Hararis just did that. A common theme that I heard from the mouths of kids and adults who went for the occasion is they enjoyed going to Harar because they had a chance to see relatives and friends after so many years and came with a sense of doing something for their homeland. Despite the efforts of the “leadership” to make this a miserable experience for those who took the trip, a good number of Hararis came back with the determination to do good and change the reality on the ground.. If one ventures into the Harari Paltalk forum, the discussion is mainly focused on how to organize and make a marked changed in the lives of the people of Harar.

III. The Outcome of the Event

It was obvious from the inception that the Federal Government had a vested interest in the success of the so-called “Harari Millennium” because of the reasons that were already mentioned. And one could fairly assume that the central government generously funded the event since the local government is almost bankrupt for such an undertaking. Although difficult to substantiate, rumor also has it some international organizations provided a share of the funding for the project.

Local and international signatories, as well as most of the nation’s powerful people came in force to give legitimacy and show their support for what they believed was a celebration of the Harari history and heritage. But was the whole project worth the trouble that most Hararis went through and more than anything, what did Hararis gained by conducting the event? Let me be fair to the organizers of the event and state the obvious and what everyone was able to witness and follow up with what we could have done instead.

1. The event brought thousandths of Hararis to their birth place and created a sense of belonging and great deal of nostalgia. The event created an incentive in most Hararis who have not seen their homeland for a decade or so to make the trip and reacquaint themselves with their land and the people.
2. Supposedly the event should have brought a patriotic fervor in the diaspora Hararis to do some good for their homeland.
3. Investment ideas might have cropped up in the minds of some non-Hararis who went for the event and maybe took attraction to the place.
4. Since all eyes were focused on Harar during the event because of the media and live coverage on TV, it might have created an urge in some to visit the place and learn more about the people, thus bringing in much needed tourism money to the area.
5. On the part of the organizers and the Harari “leadership”, the name and recognition that follows for organizing such an event was something to talk about.

And now let me get back to the reality and see the other side of the curtain.

1. Although there is a lot of merit in bringing together so many Hararis from around the world to assert their identity and do something good for their homeland, all the effort was wasted because the diaspora Hararis never got a chance to get together to discuss about the event or organize themselves while they were in the middle of the hoopla. Any effort towards organization was thwarted by the ever vigilant “leadership”. Therefore, the diaspora returned to wherever they came from empty-handed and they are now feverishly trying to organize themselves, an opportunity they were denied while in Harar. I would have expected the initiative from the organizers to give venue for the guests to express their views and organize themselves -since this is a rare opportunity for such a number of Hararis to meet in one place – but on the contrary, they became an obstacle every chance they got. The lack of any meaningful connection between the diaspora Hararis and those who are back home has been a major hindrance to the overall development of Harar. Unlike any other ethnic group I am aware of, a very significant percentage of the Harari people live not only outside of their region, but sadly, outside of their country. An astute observer of African migration once said, “The sun never sets on the people of Africa” because they live in all corners of the world. I am sure there would be no argument if I said the same applies to our people too. Again, the blame goes both ways why there was no stronger bond between Hararis who live all over the map and the ones in Harar, but as elected and paid leaders of the Harari people, we would have expected a great deal from the Harari National League to bridge this gap. And the last July event was a missed opportunity for Hararis to stand as a united force to develop their region made worse by the lack of leadership and carelessness on the part of the present “leadership”.

2. When an entity embarks on a project of this magnitude, one would naturally assume that there must be something tangible that is worth showing to the outside world. Hararis in and outside of the country know too well that there is barely anything that is substantial to showcase in terms of development. No matter what the “leadership’ says about the region, the federal government made it clear that the Harari Regional State is the least developed compared to all other areas. I understand that no Harari would like to hear this, but it does not take much thinking if one observes the reality on the ground. I challenge anyone to provide me with three significant development projects in the regional state that took place in the last decade. If we do the math right, it is very clear that there is no fund in the annual budget left for the leadership to initiate any development projects in the area. The only option for the “leadership” would have been to play their designated role as leaders and urge Hararis everywhere to do their best in the development of their region. Hararis have the fund, the manpower and the will to lift their region out of the poverty and backwardness that has been the mainstay of our self-rule and the absence of meaningful leadership played a major role in the situation we have at our hand.
3. The regional state does not have a comparative advantage when it comes to the development of large scale agricultural or industrial projects because of real estate and water shortage. Even with the completion of the water project underway, water will remain a scarce commodity in Harar for the foreseeable future. With that in mind, the only viable and significant development Harar should embark upon on a large scale is the development of the tourism industry. The town has been selected as a world heritage site and there is much that tourists would like to explore by visiting this fourth Islamic holiest land in the world. World class hotels and service industries related to the tourist industry should be sought and encouraged to flourish in order to make the dream a reality. The resultant benefit in terms of employment and tax money to the regional government is a much needed resource that has been absent for a long time. Harar should take advantage of the program of the central government in trying to promote the country as a hub of tourist destination, the potential of which is immense. Harar should try to ride the coattails of this project and promote itself as an ideal destination. But do we have the right “leadership” for that? Did the last event took advantage of all that? I leave that for your judgment.
4. One of the most important subjects that should have been in the mind of every Harari during the last July event is if we are doing all the right things in order to survive as an ethnic identity. I have said it many times and it needs repeating until it gets its due attention in all our discussions until we find a way out of it. Hararis are a very tiny minority in their own homeland. Population wise, we are dwarfed by other major ethnic groups and it’s only a matter of time before we totally disappear as an ethnic group altogether in Harar and elsewhere. Is anyone doing anything to find a solution to this? Judging from the activities of the current “leadership”, we should not hold our breath. On the contrary, I am arguing that they are the ones who are acting as a catalyst to make matters worse. They are inviting all others ethnic groups into Harar to make it their home before looking into the big picture of finding a solution to the issue I raised. What kind of a “leadership” does not raise this issue which is detrimental to our survival but brag about what took place last July, which is nothing more than an empty show of inferior ego looking for attention?
5. I hate to admit that the best we can come up for leadership is the current batch that is holding Harar and its people hostage in return for self aggrandizement. I would really like to believe that we are resourceful people big enough to find solutions for what ails our community and have enough left to be of help for others. Our ancestors did not flinch from their responsibility when it came to the question of their faith and land and defended that with all their might no matter the consequences and they paid dearly for it. But they were firm in the outcome of their struggle. But, is this how we repay their efforts and everything that they have fought for? Proportionally speaking, we have the largest number of most everything compared to the general population of the country. We have professional in almost all fields and entrepreneurs who are an asset to the whole country. We have given more than our share and more than our numbers indicate in making this country what it is today. We were at the forefront of the Ethiopian Islamic movement and struggle for equality and justice and we are still contributing much. Significant numbers of the Ethiopian Islamic intelligentsia were educated in the schools we built and, as such, they respect us as well rounded educated people they would like to emulate. Having said all this, wouldn’t it be shameful if this all we can show for a “leadership”? What we have for leadership is a corrupt and visionless group of Hararis who have no regard for their history and the proud struggle of their people. Others have taken the liberty to judge us and put us down by the actions of our current Harari “leadership”, which is really a shameful chapter that we should be able to get rid off and forget soon s quickly.
6. The social and economic problems of the Harari people in Harar is becoming worse by the day while the current leadership is giving a blind eye to what is going on. It seems the only thing that is occupying their thoughts is how to keep their position and power to do more harm to our people. Poverty, disease, unemployment and many other social ills are rampant among the Hararis of Harar. Our social ills have been put at the backburner by the “leadership” because they have more pressing issues of swimming in corruption and running after every cent they can get their hands on. There was not a single seminar during the event to discuss about these issues that are of major concern to Hararis but the “leaders” were happy to sing to the tune of what a spectacular event they had organized.
7. The “leadership” took side to favor one group of diaspora against another and tried to plant the seeds of hatred among Hararis. There was an inter-office circular that made the rounds and warned the bureaucrats not to help a certain group of Harris from North America because they were known to criticize the government. Maybe the Harari “leadership” has a set of principles to live by that discourages and punishes those who are critical of its administration, but is this what we should expect from our representatives? I came to understand that this was not an isolated incident but part of a culture that is rampant in the administration. If there is one single item that ignites the short fuses of our “leaders’, it is the question of accountability and transparency. Instead of addressing the allegations that the administration was closed to any sort of criticism, they affirmed that the “leadership” is really not welcome to any criticism and angrily rebuffed any questions that were raised by concerned Hararis.
8. They have ceremoniously established the culture of Chat as a habit that does not harm society at large. Since I have addressed the issue of Chat in our Harari society in my last writing, I will not bother the reader much. Suffice it to say that the “leadership” should have taken the initiative to the harmful effects the substance and raise awareness during the event. So many missed opportunities.

IV. What Needs To Be Done? Hararis have been hoping in vain that their elected “leaders” will see the light of day and mend their ways to do good for their people. We can still go on drinking in the stream of hope and expect things to change by themselves. But that was never the way things work out. Let me remind you of a saying that says that “ Those who drink to drown their sorrows should be taught that sorrows know how to swim.” The first step we should take to get out of the mess we have created for ourselves is to acknowledge that there is real problem in our community and with our “leaders” that determines the future of our collective destiny. It has been said that the first rule of a self-help group called alcoholic anonymous is to make their patient acknowledge that she/he has a problem, that they are drunks. On the surface, this rule seems so simple to the outsider that most question its relevance. But the reality is that most people whoa are addicted to all substances keep denying it and will give all kinds of excuses for their habit. But it requires a great deal of determination to make the leap and take the first step to make the admission of ones’ ailment. In our case, the fact we have a very dysfunctional group of “leaders” that we need to change with an able, caring, far-sighted and committed Hararis to advance our cause should be our first step in the right direction.

The current “leaders” came to power by the last electoral process of 2005. The ground work should be laid to prepare a group of well intentioned Hararis to replace the current batch in the next election. Some might not be patient to give time to the current “leaders” to wait until 2010 to change the status-quo, but unless the process allows for the current leaders to be removed from office by a no-confidence vote of the people, the only option we are left with is to organize the people for the next election. I do not believe that the current batch will leave office without a fight and they will try to spoil the peoples’ effort in every way possible. Then what are the necessary steps for this eventuality? I will present my suggestions and we can improve upon them as we go along.

1. All Hararis who have similar views should try to meet and network and lay the ground to form an organization other than the Harari National league (HNL). Except for very few Hararis who have a vested personal interest in prolonging the life of HNL, we should try everything in our power to get rid of this worthless organization that bears our Harari name but is working against our interest.
2. The formation of a political organization requires the utmost care and dedication on the concerned parties and should not be taken lightly. It is a process that requires careful deliberation and understanding of the complexities of the political environment we live in. Therefore, we should take out time and study the complex variables and make the correct decisions.
3. Once the organization is established, a great deal of work needs to be done to educate the people on the need for this organization and why the previous body failed us in our struggle. A grass-root effort should be conducted to recruit the best sons and daughters of Hararis to bring into the fold of the newly formed organization to serve their people.
4. The Organization should establish a good working relationship with other ethnic groups living in the region in order to build an everlasting bond based on mutual respect and common good.
5. The Organization should make its programs and plans known for the general public so as to be held accountable. The short and long range plans for the region should be specified with time limits so as to prepare the people what to expect during its time in office.
6. The Organization should establish a mechanism to hear the needs of the community and its total involvement in the conduct of its affairs. It should affirm that the members of the organization are in office first and foremost to serve the people.

We are living during a unique historical period in our history and we should be able to shoulder our responsibility and stand for the cause of our people to give them an opportunity to live up to their potential. Those of us who are conscious about the nature of our problems and are able to see a way out of our quagmire should play our role as responsible citizens and make a difference in the lives of those who are not able to do it alone. The mere facts that we are raising our voices and posing a challenge to the status-quo is shaking those who have taken the peoples’ business for granted and have been sitting idly for such a long time. Hararis are also raising their voices inside Harar and challenging the “leaders” to come forward and account for their deeds. I urge all Hararis to rise and stand up to fight for their rights and get rid of the yoke of oppression no matter what color it is wearing.

Hararis have come to realize the sad fact that their own brothers and sisters are capable of, and are, indeed oppressing them without any regard to the common heritage and the common good. We Harris were under the impression that as long as we are the masters of our destiny, it was going to be a free ride. But however long it took the reality to hit us hard, we have finally arrived to understand the hard facts and what needs to be done to overcome our dire situation. The road we need to traverse might not be easy and short, but surely we have triumphed over much more difficult situation in our history than we find ourselves right now. The wolves in sheep’s clothing’s amongst us might have thought they may lead us in any direction they desire, but let us show them that it was only our trust in them that we have lost and we have a lot waiting to gain in the not distant future.

Peace

Surat Singh